Q: Why is it important to explore ways to incorporate RWD into clinical trial design?
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Iker: New therapies are approved all the time, so the standard of care for conditions like non-small cell lung cancer or metastatic breast cancer changes every few months. As a result, basing a study’s control arm on historical data may lead to a control population that looks similar to the study population, but isn’t exactly comparable. Benchmarking a study of today’s patients on people enrolled in studies from several years ago means the control group may have received a completely different course of treatment. As a result, estimations aren’t based on the patient population receiving today’s standard of care, and the control group may “overperform” and the study may fail.
Instead, we can use multimodal RWD to better understand how patients perform on the current standard of care, and better select patients that are not benefiting from the current standard of care but may benefit from an experimental drug. This not only reduces cost, but – critically – helps increase the study’s probability of success to bring needed therapies to patients faster.
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Q: What are the important factors for biopharma executives to consider with regard to de-risking clinical trials?
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Iker: Phase 3 studies can cost anywhere from $50 million to $500 million. Given the price and implications for patients, there is no room for error.
Using multimodal RWD, it is possible to more accurately estimate performance at each step in the clinical trial planning process. Rather than basing assumptions on dated literature studies, RWD can help researchers estimate the performance of the control group, determine the optimal patient selection strategies, and understand the treatment landscape for current patients.
Top oncology pharma companies are using this approach and testing it in a subset of their studies to see if using data, instead of literature, can improve a trial’s results, and, if so, by how much. When using multimodal RWD, the teams are typically able to validate their assumptions, understand patients’ performance, and gain insights on the right patient selection strategies. The return on investment can be in the hundreds of millions of dollars, which significantly validates the hypothesis and proves the financial value of a data-based approach to trial design.
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Q: How can pharma leaders implement RWD effectively in their organizations’ trial operations?
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Iker: In pharma today, most study teams have their own budgets that they use to contract with data and analytics partners. They ultimately decide whether to use RWD in a study. In the end, siloed use of data can be more expensive for the organization, because many teams unknowingly duplicate efforts or contract with the same vendors. For senior executives, I recommend centralizing data assets. With a central budget that can be used to allocate RWD resources across an entire portfolio, it enables more robust studies that are more likely to succeed. Organizations can purchase once and use the data many times.
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Q: What should R&D teams consider as they use RWD to design studies?
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Iker: Considerations change depending on the stage of the drug development cycle. In phase 1 and 2, RWD can be used to inform patient selection. For example, patients and populations can be identified with certain gene or antibody expressions that can be recapitulated to any clinical pathological features that help improve patient selection. RWD can also help to fine-tune dosage for patients and validate hypotheses.
In phase 3, RWD should be incorporated from the earliest planning stages to inform site selection and study design. Heterogeneous data sources can also help researchers understand the performance of the current standard of care. Post-registration, researchers can use data to generate evidence that could be published in congresses or at conferences to communicate the value of a treatment to payers.
The insights gained from designing registration phase 3 studies are typically not published, and become intellectual property of the company that they can use to inform future strategies and studies.
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Q: During your time at AstraZeneca, how did you use heterogeneous data to build clinical trial strategies?
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Iker: AstraZeneca was a pioneer in the use of RWD multimodal data for study design, primarily for phase 2 and phase 3 studies. This approach has informed key go / no go decisions and ultimately increased the probability of technical success across their oncology portfolio. I think this approach to data is one of the reasons for AstraZeneca’s success.
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Q: What advice would you give to researchers using RWD for the first time in their clinical trial planning?
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Iker: First and foremost, it is important to really understand your research question and its nuances.
The second step is understanding the data. There is no such thing as a perfect dataset; all of them are different, so it is important to understand the nuances and biases inherent in each.
Third, it’s critical to work side-by-side with global product teams, who have a thorough understanding of the asset and deep clinical expertise. There needs to be a symbiotic relationship between data and product experts in which they can share ideas and work together on the same team. That’s where the magic happens and ensures the best possible outcome.
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