Authors
Caleb Joshua Smith, Diane M. Simeone, Patrick Grierson, Kedar Kirtane, Maria Pia Morelli, Sandip Pravin Patel, Matthew L. Ulrickson, Saurabh Dahiya, Jong Chul Park, Jennifer M. Specht, Marwan Fakih, Kirstin B. Liechty, Jessica Tebbets, John Sutton Welch, William Y. Go, David G. Maloney, Marcela Valderrama Maus, Eric Wai-Choi Ng, J. Randolph Hecht
Background: Diversity in clinical studies is essential to address health disparities, but racial and ethnic minorities are often underrepresented in clinical studies, especially in precision medicine studies using genetic data (1). BASECAMP-1 (NCT04981119) is an ongoing prescreening study to identify patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic solid tumors and tumor-associated HLA-A*02 LOH for the EVEREST-1 and -2 Tmod chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy trials. When enrollment began in 2021, eligibility for Part 1 was restricted to patients with germline HLA-A*02:01 based on preclinical data. Additional analysis revealed the blocker in the Tmod construct had activity across HLA-A*02 subtypes (Mock, et al. Mol Ther Oncolytics.2022). Eligibility for Part 1 was then expanded to all HLA-A*02 subtypes, allowing enrollment of more diverse patient populations. HLA-A*02 allele subtypes vary by ethnicity and race; the frequency of HLA-A*02:01 is 96% in non-Hispanic Whites, but ranges from 53% to 73% in other ethnicities and races. The frequency of all other HLA-A*02 allele subtypes (HLA-A*02:XX) is <5% in non-Hispanic Whites but up to 66% in other ethnicities and races (2,3).
Methods: Patients eligible for BASECAMP-1 were identified at United States study sites. All patients screened before January 16, 2024, for Part 1 were included for demographic and central lab HLA-A typing. The % increase in eligibility and % of heterozygous HLA-A*02 patients with HLA-A*02:XX were calculated by ethnicity and race.
Results: A total of 1124 patients were screened for germline HLA-A*02 typing; 431 patients were HLA-A*02:01 heterozygous, of whom 37 (9%) were Hispanic, 14 (3%) African American (AA), 2 (<1%) American Indian or Alaska Native, 17 (4%) Asian or Pacific Islander (API), and 324 (75%) non-Hispanic White (Table). The eligibility expansion identified 62 patients with HLA-A*02:XX heterozygosity, of whom 6 (10%) were Hispanic, 6 (10%) AA, 19 (31%) API, and 25 (40%) non-Hispanic White.
Conclusions: By expanding enrollment to include HLA-A*02:XX, 16% more Hispanic, 43% more AA, and 112% more API patients were identified, improving the diversity in this trial compared with that of initial enrollment. 1. Aldrighetti, et al. JAMA Netw Open 2021. 2. Ellis, et al. Human Immunol. 2000. 3. Gragert, et al. Human Immunol.2013. Clinical trial information: NCT04981119.
BASECAMP-1 Patients screened by ethnicity, race, and heterozygous HLA-A*02 subtype.
|
Hispanic/Latino |
Race |
| African American |
American Indian/ Alaska Native |
Asian/ Pacific Islander |
Non-Hispanic White |
Unknown/ Other/Not Specified |
| Total patients screened, n |
96 |
51 |
3 |
85 |
724 |
98 |
| HLA-A*02 Type, n |
43 |
20 |
2 |
36 |
349 |
45 |
| A*02:01 |
37 |
14 |
2 |
17 |
324 |
36 |
| A*02:XX |
6 |
6 |
0 |
19 |
25 |
9 |
| No HLA-A*02 Type, n |
53 |
31 |
1 |
49 |
375 |
53 |
| Eligibility increase, % |
16 |
43 |
0 |
112 |
8 |
25 |
| A*02:XX of total A*02, % |
14 |
30 |
0 |
53 |
7 |
20 |
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